Chapter 02 The Emergence of a Profession: 1885-1930
True/False
1. Sport was considered to be an integral part of the physical education curriculum as it developed in the latter part of the nineteenth century.
Page: 26
2. Hitchcock’s main contribution to the growth of physical education was his emphasis on scientific measurement.
Page: 34
3. Growth of sport interest on college campuses was largely the result of faculty and administrative effort and support.
Page: 28
4. Abuses in college athletics should be viewed as a contemporary phenomenon.
Page: 37
5. Because of America’s Puritan beginnings, dance was not often found in school curriculums, however, gymnastics was often included.
Page: 40 and 41
6. Most early proponents of physical education had been trained as medical doctors rather than teachers.
Page: 41
7. Muscular Christianity made exercise and fitness compatible with Christian life and thus helped set the stage for the development of physical education.
Page: 27
8. Physical education as we know it was largely European in its development.
Page: 28
9. Sport was actually a mechanism by which early immigrants could be Americanized.
Page: 30
10 The intellectual climate of the nineteenth century contributed to the growth of sport and fitness, since change was the theme of the century and maintaining status quo was not.
Page: 31
11. The Swedish exercise system was associated with a developmental and therapeutic emphasis, using both active and passive exercise patterns.
Page: 33
Multiple Choice
12. The first secretary for the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance was:
a. Dewey.
b. Anderson.
c. Beecher.
d. Hitchcock.
Page: 25
13. The 1889 Boston Conference could be labeled:
a. the battle of the systems
b. the new physical education.
c. the reconstruction act.
d. the Adelphi meeting.
Page: 34
14. Which piece of legislation has greatly increased intercollegiate sport opportunities for women?
a. Equal Opportunity Act
b. Proposition 48
c. Title IX
d. Brown Vs. Topeka Board of Education
Page: 38
15. Which of the following individuals were among the most important early leaders in physical education?
a. Hemingway and Smith
b. Dewey and Anderson
c. Beecher and Davis
d. Hitchcock and Sargent
Page: 43
16.Who was the first recognized teacher of physical education in the United States?
a. John Smith
b. Charles Beck
c. Catherine Beecher
d. Edward Hitchcock
Page: 26
17. Nearly all early programs in physical education were a derivative of:
a. gymnastics.
b. track and field.
c. team sports.
d. outdoor adventure games.
Page: 32
18. Which system was referred to as “medical gymnastics”?
a. The Beecher System
b. The German System
c. The Swedish System
d. The Dio Lewis System
Page: 33
19. Which individual used musical accompaniment along with exercise routines?
a. Beecher
b. Hitchcock
c. Lewis
d. Smith
Page: 33
20. Which conference promoted Swedish gymnastics and is considered to be pivotal in the development of American physical education?
a. The Adelphi Conference
b. The Boston Conference
c. The Yalta Conference
d. The International Educators Conference
Page: 34
21. The interpretation of Wood’s new physical education is:
a. “developing a solid mind, body, and spirit.”
b. “teaching values, ethics, and responsibility.”
c. “education through the physical.”
d. “commitment to improving learning.”
Page: 38 and 39
Essay
22. What is “muscular Christianity”?
Page: 27
23. What were the virtues typically attributed to women during the nineteenth century?
Page: 24
24. What happens when a sport becomes standardized or institutionalized?
Page: 35
25. What are the four phases of the educational process Hetherington felt should be considered in physical education?
Page: 39
26. As religious prohibitions against exercise and fitness began to relax, what other concept important to our profession started to be accepted?
Page: 27
27. What impact did immigrants have on sport and physical education?
Page: 30
28. How were the German and Swedish systems the same, and how did they differ?
Page: 33
29. What was the motivation for the Beecher system of gymnastics?
Page: 33
30. Which system had a scientific basis because of its emphasis on measurement?
Page: 43
31. How did education in America differ from the classical European models?
Page: 28
32. Who developed the Universal Test for Strength, Speed, and Endurance?
Page: 40