Chapter 04 Changing Philosophies for Sport, Fitness, and Physical Education
True/False
1. Nationalism was the common idea that gave rise to both the German and Swedish gymnastics systems.
Page: 67
2. In the late nineteenth century, being an amateur in sport typically meant that one was from a wealthy family and was highly coached by those most knowledgeable about the sport.
Page: 70
3. With the rise of Christianity, play was viewed negatively because work was the appropriate activity of virtuous people.
Page: 74
4. The philosophy of “education through the physical” has remained unchallenged and firmly in place to the present.
Page: 75
5. Rudolph Laban is associated with the development of the human movement philosophy.
Page: 76
6. In humanistic education, the personal and social development of the child is as important as academic development.
Page: 77 and 78
7. Advocates of sport education feel that the development of good sportsmanship and a better sport culture should be central to the goal of physical education.
Page: 79
Multiple Choice
8. The German system of physical education that was transported to America was primarily influenced by:
a. Friedrich Ludwig Jahn
b. Per Henrik Ling
c. Adolph Eikman
d. Ludwig Vanderheisen
Page: 67
9 The philosophy that physical fitness and sport prowess are important avenues through which mental, moral, and religious purposes are developed and sustained is know as:
a. new physical education.
b. holistic education.
c. muscular Christianity.
d. puritanism.
Page: 68
10. Another term used in England that is synonymous to muscular Christianity is:
a. Puritanism.
b. Arnoldism.
c. Waldoism.
d. Hedonism.
Page: 69
11. The modern Olympic Games were revived by:
a. John F. Kennedy
b. Adolph Hitler
c. Pierre de Coubertin
d. Julius Caesar
Page: 70
12. Children’s love for play is paramount in the development of:
a. sport education.
b. humanistic education.
c. traditional education.
d. progressive education.
Page: 73 and 74
13. The most important figure in the history of American education is:
a. Dewey.
b. Emerson.
c. Webber.
d. Arnold.
Page: 74
14. Rousseau theorized:
a. children are born curious and must be taught manners.
b. children are lazy and must be motivated to exercise.
c. children are born good and are ruined by their contacts with society.
d. children are typically active and do not need motivation for exercise.
Page: 73
15. Which of the following is not considered part of the movement education curriculum?
a. educational dance
b. educational games
c. educational gymnastics
d. educational sports
Page: 77
16. Don Hellison is most closely associated with:
a. movement education.
b. humanistic education.
c. adventure education.
d. fitness education.
Page: 78
17. Which individual is most closely associated with sport education?
a. Hellison
b. Laban
c. Siedentop
d. Jahn
Page: 78 and 79
Essay
18. Trace the chain of influence from Rousseau to Dewey, explaining the links.
Page: 73
19. Describe the human-movement philosophy.
.
Page: 76
20. List the four areas of development considered important for youth in the first half of the twentieth century that could be achieved through physical education.
Page: 78
21. What philosophy was known for its stern view of human life, left little room for non-work related physical activity, and took a harsh view of anything that was playful?
Page: 67
22. Describe the philosophy of muscular Christianity.
Page: 67 through 69
23 What was the progressive education theory?
Page: 72
24. Why did Rousseau advocate physical education in the schools?
Page: 73
25. How does a nation achieve wellness for more of its citizens?
Page: 81