Chapter 05 Basic Concepts of Sport
True/False
1. Most scholars agree that sports are institutionalized forms of play.
Page: 90
2. Play can be viewed as a necessary aspect of behavior that requires no justification or further explanation.
Page: 91
3. Adult play tends to put emphasis on practice, skill and strategy.
Page: 92
4. By definition, a noncompetitive game cannot exist.
Page: 93
5. A 30-second shot clock in basketball or a 45-second time-span between plays in football are examples of secondary rules.
Page: 93
6. The rivalry aspect of competition does not always include another individual or team; it also can mean competition against an ideal standard or record.
Page: 95
7. When much importance is attached to winning and losing in sport, the play element in competition is greatly enhanced.
Ans: F
Page: 95
8. Because sport is meaningful only when the contest is fair, the referee’s main role is to ensure that neither opponent gains unfair advantage by violating the rules.
Page: 96
9. Although young athletes may know what some of the records are in their sport, successful coaches will not emphasize these, to avoid discouraging young athletes.
Page: 97 and 98
10. Rules that can be violated to gain a competitive advantage are bad rules because they eliminate the fairness of the game.
Page: 103 and 104
Multiple Choice
11. Michael Novak (1976) in “The Joy of Sports” argues sport is:
a. a microcosm of society.
b. a natural religion.
c. imperative for motor development.
d. necessary to foster competition.
Page: 88
12. An attitude of freedom or release from the demands of ordinary life is called:
a. leisure.
b. play.
c. competition.
d. sport.
Page: 90
13. Any form of playful competition whose outcome is determined by physical skill, strategy or chance employed singly or in combination is called:
a. sport.
b. recreation.
c. play.
d. game.
Page: 92
14. _____________________ rules of a game identify how the game is to be played and how winning can be achieved.
a. Primary
b. Secondary
c. Official
d. Competitive
Page: 93
15. The three-second zone rule in basketball is an example of a:
a. primary rule.
b. secondary rule.
c. official rule.
d. competitive rule.
Page: 93
21. _______________ games are those in which an object is strategically propelled in ways that cannot be returned by the opponent:
a. Territory
b. Target
c. Court
d. Field
Page: 93
22. Zero sum competition means:
a. all participants win.
b. there are no winners.
c. there is a winner and a loser.
d. there is no competition.
Page: 94
23. Sport is considered ________________ when it assumes a public role and becomes part of a culture.
a. acceptable
b. institutionalized
c. industrialized
d. professional
Page: 94
Essay
24. In what ways could sport be considered like a religion?
Ans: There are rituals, vestments, a sense of powers that are outside one’s control, others who enforce the rules and hand out punishments and role models. Sport also teaches such admirable qualities as perseverance, courage and sacrifice.
Page: 88 and 89
25. What are the characteristics of children’s play?
Page: 92
26. Explain the difference between primary rules and secondary rules.
Page: 93
27. Identify and explain the four categories of sport as determined by their similarities among primary rules.
Page: 93 and 94
28. Why are games of chess and dice not considered sport?
Page: 93
29. What factors will seriously diminish the play element in sport?
Page: 95