Back to Reference Index | Back to Using Essential Oils
Eastern U.S. Tracheal Mite Symposium. 1990. Abstracts from Nov. 30-Dec.1, 1989 meeting of Empire State Honey Producers Assoc. Syracuse, NY. Amer. Bee J. 130 (3) 185-187.
Eaton, C. van 1985. Beekeeping in Cook Islands. Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Whangarei, New Zealand. 51 pp.
Eble, H., Weide, W. 1961. [Control of Pericytis apis Maassen in the laboratory and in practice.] Wiss. Z. Univ. Halle Math. Nat. 10(1):83-86.in German
Eckert, J. E. 1961. Acarapis mites of the honey bee, (Apis mellifera Linnaeus). J. Insect Pathology 3: 409-425.
Efimov, V. M., Akimov, I. A., Galaktionov, Yu. K. 1987. Formal’naya ierarkhicheskaya klassifikatsiya tipov bilateral’noy asimmetrii biologicheskikh ob’ektov. [Formal hierarchichal classification of types of bilateral assymety of biological objects.] Dokl. Akad. Nauk YCCR Ser. B. 1987(3):64-66.
Eguaras, M. 1988 . Varroasis in Argentina. Seminario de Licenciatura. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Argentina; 78 pp.
*Eguaras, M., Marcangeli, J., Fernandez, N. A. 1994. Influence of "parasitic intensity" on Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans reproduction. J. Apic. Res. 33(3): 155-159.
Eguaras, M., Marcangeli, J., Oppedisano, M., Fernandez, N. 1994. Seasonal changes in Varroa jacobsoni Oud. reproduction in temperate climates of Argentina. Bee Sci. 3:120-123.
Eickwort, G. C. 1993. Evolution and life-history patterns of mites associated with bees. In: M. A. Houck (ed), Mites: ecological and evolutionary analyses of life-history patterns, pp. 218-251. Ithaca, New York: Chapman & Hall.
Eickwort, G.C. 1990. Associations of mites with social insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 35, 469-488.
*Eischen, F. A. 1987. Overwintering performance of honey bee colonies heavily infested with Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Apidologie, 18: 293-304.
Eischen, F. A. 1995. Varroa and AHB: Two negatives equal a positive? Amer. Bee J. 135: 523. "Varroa is killing few Africanized colonies in the [South American] tropics". "Several mechanisms of resistance have been proposed". Quotes Rosenkrantz 90: "shorter post-capping stage of AHB not answer...43% infertile mites in AHB compared to 19% in European" "What causes mite infertility in Africanized colonies?" "Climate effect: VM do not do as well in tropics as they do in temperate areas". "Hygienic behavior, viral disease tolerance, grooming, are but three additional mechabnisms that may be involved in providing protection". [Did not consider essential oils in nectar, pollen, etc--need to look at colonies with low #’s of VM and assay for essential oils]
Eischen, F. A. 1995. Varroa Resistance to Fluvalinate. Amer. Bee J. 135(12): 815-816.
Eischen, F. A. 1996. Pesticide resistance biology. Amer. Bee J. 136(2):111-112.
*Eischen, F. A. 1996. The value of inbreeding. American Bee Journal 136(8):570-571.both tracheal and Varroa mites are haplodiploids.
*Eischen, F. A. 1996. Botanical acaricides and Varroa control. Amer. Bee J. 136(4): 277-278. [Apilife VAR]
Eischen, F. A., Cardoso-Tamez, D., Dietz, A., Ware, G. O. 1988. Cymiazole, a systemic acaricide that controls Acarapis woodi (Rennie) infesting honey bees. I. Laboratory Tests. II. Apiary Tests. Apidologie, 19 (4): 367-376.
Eischen, F. A., Cardoso-Tamez, D., Wilson, W. T., Dietz, A. 1989. Honey production of honey bee colonies infested with Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Apidologie 20(1):1-8.
Eischen, F. A., Dietz, A. 1986. Acarapis woodi studies in northeastern Mexico. Proc. Honey Bee Tracheal Mite (Acarapis woodi Rennie) Sci. Symp., Amer. Assoc. Prof. Apic. & Can. Assoc. Prof. Apic., 52-53.
Eischen, F.A., Pettis, J. S., Dietz, A. 1986. Prevention of Acarapis woodi infestation in queen honey bees with Amitraz. Amer. Bee J. 126(7):498-500.cit. Wilson et al., 1988.
Eischen, F.A., Pettis, J. S., Dietz, A. 1987. A rapid method of evaluating compounds for the control of Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Amer. Bee J. 127 (2): 99-102.
Eischen, F., Vergara, C., Dietz, A., Cardoso Tamez, D. 1988. Cymiazole, a systemic acaricide which controls Acarapis woodi (Rennie) infesting honey bees. Apidologie 19(4):367-375.
Eischen, F., Wilson, W. T., Hurley, D., Cardoso-Tamez, D. 1988. Cultural practices that reduce populations of Acarapis woodi (Rennie). Amer. Bee J. 128(3):209-211.
El Sawi, ?, Büchler, ? 198?. [Find title--re. nutrition of Varroa jacobsoni on its reprod. rate] Unk. source. cited by Arnold 1990
Ellis, M. D., Baxendale, F. P. 1992. Comparison of formic acid sampling with other methods used to detect Varroa mites. Amer. Bee J. 132(12): 807-808.
Ellis, M. D., Baxendale, F. P. 1994. Comparison of Formic Acid sampling with other methods used to detect Varroa mites (Varroa jacobsoni Oud.) and mite distribution within colonies in Nebraska. Bee Science 3:139-144.cited by Sanford 1995, Apis 13:1; apistan better than ether roll, tobacco smoke, debris sampling (=natural knockdown or nat. mortality), or decapping drone brood; none were signif. diff. from each other.
Ellis, M.D., Simonds, C. 1987. Menthol fumigation of caged honey bees to prevent the spread of mites in package and queen bee shipments. Amer. Bee J. 127: 844.
Emmanouel, N., Pelekassis, C., Santas, L. 1983. Harmful Mesostigmatic mites ectoparasitic to honeybees. Entomol. Hellenica 1(1):17-23.cited by Laurant & Santas 1987.
Engels, W. 1988. Reproduktion und Kontrolle der Varroa-Milbe. Allgemeine Deutsche Imkerzeitung 22: 254-264.
Engels, W. 1995. Varroa control by hyperthermia. Bee World ? 115-119.
Engels, W., Gonçalves, L. S., Steiner, J, Buriolla, A. M., Cavichio Issa, M. R. 1986. Varroa-Befall von carnica-Völkern in Tropenklima. Apidologie 17: 203-216.
Engels, W., Rosenkranz, P., Hertl, F., Staemmler, G. 1984. Biologische Varroa-Kontrolle durch Drohnenbrutentnahme. [Effect of drone brood removal on Varroa infested honeybee colonies.] Apidologie 15(3):246-248.
*Environmental Media Services. 1996. "The Forgotten Pollinators" are threatened with extinction. American Bee Journal 136(8):546.Review of book by Buchmann & Nabhan, 1996.
Erickson, E. H. 1996. Fecal accumulations deposited by Varroa can be used as a simple field diagnostic for infestations of this honey bee parasite. Amer. Bee J. 136:?[find source]
Erickson, E. H., Cohen, A. D., Cameron, B. E. 1994. Mite excreta: a new diagnostic for varroasis. Bee Science 3:76-78.
Erickson, E. H., King, A., King, J. 1996. Natural suppression of honey bee tracheal mites in North Dakota: a five year study. Amer. Bee J. 136(5): 365-366.
Erickson, E. H., Lusby, D. A., Hoffman, G.D., Lusby, E. W. 1990. On the size of cells: speculations on foundation as a colony management tool. Gleanings in Bee Culture 118:98-101, 173-174.
Es’kov, E. K. 1977. Svyaz’ mikroklimata pchelinogo zhilishcha ss fiaiologicheskim sostoyaniem evo obitantelei i usloviyami vneshnei sredi. [The connection of microclimate of the honey bee hive with physiological condition of its inhabitants and conditions of their external environment.] Zool. Zhurnal 56(6): 870-880.
Es’kov, E. K. 1978. Mikroklimat pchelinogo ul’ya i evo regulirovanie. [Microclimate of the honey bee hive and its regulation.] Moscow. Rossel’khozizdat, 91 pp.
Es’kov, E. K. 1981. Povedenie medonosnikh pchel. [Behavior of the Honey Bee.] Moscow, Kolos, 184 pp.
Es’kov, E. K. 1983. Mikroklimat pchlenogo zhilisshcha. [The microclimate of the honey bee abode.] Moscow, Rossel’khazizdat. 190 pp.
Es’kov, E. K. 1985. Termoregulyatornaya funktsiya kholodovoi agregatsii medonosnikh pchel. [Thermoregulation function of cold aggregation of the honey bee.] Razvedenie i soderzhanie pchel v Sibiri. [Breeding and keeping honey bees in Siberia] Novosibirsk, pp. 52-58.
Es’kov, E. K., Babkina, N. G., Bibyaev, V.F. et al. 1989. Vnutrignezdovoi mikroklimat i evo vliyanie no razvitie v zonakh pazmeshcheniya rasploda trytnei medonosnoi pcheli. [The internal nest microlclimate and its influence on development in the zone of propagation of drone brood of the honey bee.] Zool. Zhurnal 68: 74-82.
Everaerts, ?, Brossut, ? 1990? [Find title--re intraspecific chemical of Varroa jacobsoni] Unk. source. cited by Arnold 1990, p. 258.
Eyrich, U., Ritter, W. 1986. 39. Die Verteilung eines systemischen Akarizids im Körper dir honigbiene. [The distribution of a systemic acaricide in the body of the honey bee.] Apidologie 17(4):379-381.Apitol; bees consumed 10?g in sugar soln. The acaricide could not be metabolized in a measurabe range within the 24 hrs of the experiment. After 1 hour of feeding 10 ?g could be found and after 4 hours, only 0.4 ?g could be found in the interstinal tacts of honey bees. Simultaneously, the acaricide accumulated exclusively in the rectum whereby 3.6 ?g and 8.59 ?g could be detected after 30 minutes and 6 hours respectively. The concentration in the hemolymph reached a maximum of 30.1 ng?l after 1 hour feeding and sank to 17.5 ng?l at 4 hours and finally to 3.8 ng?l after 24 hours. The active ingredient was also detectable in Varroa mites. The amount taken up increased only within the first 6 hours. The first mites fell off between 6 and 12 hours after the bees fed on the acaricide. Therefore, Apitol is quickly resorbed in the hemolymph and taken up in lethal doses by the mites. It is then excreted into the intestines and the rectum.
Eyrich, U., Ritter, W. 1990. Distribution of a systematic functioning medicment in the body of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. Zeitschrift für Angewante Entomologie 109:15-20. (A. A. 1991, # 145)
