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Table 4. Elemental composition (%) based on
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of 31 overburden samples collected from
Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The Energy Dispersive XRF Unit
ignores oxides and normalizes the cations to sum to 100%. Based
on their mineralogy (Table 3) and concentrations of major
elements, the samples were divided into groups of iron (Fe),
calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), and silicon (Si). 
Sample |
Fe |
Al |
Si |
Ca |
Mg & K |
S |
| Fe | ||||||
1 |
70 |
8 |
11 |
1 |
7 |
0.1 |
2 |
62 |
11 |
13 |
2 |
8 |
0.1 |
3 |
60 |
12 |
17 |
1 |
7 |
0.2 |
4 |
53 |
16 |
19 |
1 |
7 |
0.5 |
5 |
40 |
15 |
22 |
7 |
11 |
4.5 |
6 |
38 |
14 |
21 |
16 |
10 |
0.1 |
| Ca | ||||||
1 |
1 |
6 |
8 |
68 |
16 |
0.1 |
2 |
1 |
8 |
18 |
58 |
15 |
0.1 |
3 |
1 |
11 |
32 |
29 |
27 |
0.1 |
| S | ||||||
1 |
26 |
16 |
19 |
1 |
9 |
25.1 |
2 |
17 |
19 |
28 |
11 |
11 |
11.7 |
3 |
27 |
18 |
34 |
1 |
11 |
9.0 |
4 |
6 |
23 |
48 |
1 |
16 |
2.8 |
5 |
13 |
24 |
51 |
1 |
8 |
2.7 |
| Si | ||||||
1 |
1 |
13 |
79 |
1 |
6 |
0.1 |
2 |
1 |
17 |
74 |
1 |
6 |
0.3 |
3 |
1 |
21 |
71 |
1 |
7 |
0.1 |
4 |
2 |
21 |
68 |
1 |
8 |
0.1 |
5 |
1 |
21 |
67 |
2 |
9 |
0.1 |
6 |
1 |
24 |
65 |
1 |
8 |
0.3 |
7 |
1 |
27 |
65 |
1 |
6 |
0.3 |
8 |
1 |
25 |
64 |
1 |
8 |
0.7 |
9 |
1 |
25 |
64 |
1 |
8 |
1.1 |
10 |
2 |
22 |
64 |
1 |
10 |
0.1 |
11 |
4 |
23 |
64 |
1 |
9 |
0.1 |
12 |
3 |
23 |
63 |
1 |
10 |
0.3 |
13 |
1 |
24 |
63 |
4 |
8 |
0.2 |
14 |
1 |
25 |
63 |
1 |
10 |
0.1 |
15 |
3 |
25 |
60 |
1 |
11 |
1.0 |
16 |
3 |
23 |
60 |
3 |
10 |
0.1 |
| 17 | 24 | 23 | 38 | 1 | 11 | 0.3 |
