FACDIS Twenty-Eighth Annual Workshops
The Impact of Global Movement
November 13-14, 2008
Lakeview Resort & Conference Center
Morgantown, West Virginia
Final Program
Thursday, November 13
- 9:30 am-1:00 pm
- REGISTRATION: Library
- BOOK Display: University Hall
- 10:30-11:30 am
- STEERING COMMITTEE MEETING: Ward Christopher Room
- 11:45 am- 1:15 pm
- LUNCH: Reflections Ballroom
- WELCOME: Jack Hammersmith, Director, FACDIS
- LUNCHEON PRESENTATION: Dr. Keith Spears, Director of Special Programs, West Virginia Department of Education and the Arts
- 1:30 pm-3:00 pm
- OPENING PANEL DISCUSSION WITH PRESENTERS: University Hall
- Kevin Bales, Free the Slaves, University of Hull (UK)
- Cindy Hahamovitch, The College of William and Mary
- Karen E. Richman, University of Notre Dame
- Linda K. Richter, Kansas State University
- 3:00 pm-3:15 pm
- BREAK
- 3:15 pm-4:45 pm
- FIRST SET OF CONCURRENT SESSIONS
- Topic 1. Disposable People: The Challenge of Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking: Seminar Rooms 1-2
- Consultant: Kevin Bales, Free the Slaves, University of Hull (UK)
- Chairperson: James Friedberg (West Virginia University)
- Session I: Slavery Since Emancipation
While legal slavery ended in the US in 1865, slavery itself did not stop. The same is true for most nations that brought their legal slave systems to an end in the 19th and 20th centuries. In America "peonage" took on all the attributes of slavery; and at the end of the 19th century, in the Belgian Congo, a vast enslavement of millions of people brought about the greatest anti-slavery movement since US abolitionism. The League of Nations and the United Nations both found that slavery was alive and well. How did the US and other countries deal with the new, more hidden, forms of slavery? In spite of the involvement of famous Americans, like Mark Twain, why have we never heard of the Congo Slavery Campaign? And is sex trafficking today just an extension of the ‘White Slavery’ combated in the early 20th century?
- Topic 2. Open Borders: The History of an American Tradition: Seminar Rooms 3-4
- Consultant: Cindy Hahamovitch, The College of William and Mary
- Chairperson: Michael Gherke (Glenville State College)
Session I: Give me your tired, your poor, your "free white men:" Race and Restriction in the First 100 Years of the American Republic
In an era of border walls, infrared detection systems, and ICE raids, it’s easy to forget that US borders were unpoliced for the first 120 years of US history. Indeed, not only were the borders open, but official policy encouraged immigration, though until 1952 it limited the right of naturalization to “free white men.” The same openness was true in much of the world. Immigration policies—where they existed—aimed to keep people from leaving, not from entering. Yet in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, immigration restrictions began to appear in the US and around the world. This session will consider the early history of immigration policy in the US and the global rise of the notion that borders are meant to be regulated. - Topic 3. Human Displacement and Cultural Survival: Does Migration Destroy Cultures?: Training Room 1
- Consultant: Karen E. Richman, University of Notre Dame
- Chairperson: Hannah Geffert (Shepherd University)
Session I: The Meanings and Character of Transnational Migration
There are more migrants today than at any time in human history. Common misconceptions about the recent influx of migrants are that the movements are caused by lack of economic development in migrants’ home countries and rapid population growth in migrants’ home countries. Migrants are said to want to emigrate in order to take advantage of generous public benefits and to settle permanently in the new country. In-depth explorations of Haitian and Mexican migration will counter these myths and to understand better why their societies have become producers of people for export and recipients of wage remittances. Unlike some earlier immigrant groups, who eventually severed their familial and cultural ties to the home and assimilated into mainstream American society, new migrants, including Haitians and Mexicans, seem to be actively expanding and strengthening their linkages to the homeland. Instantaneous and inexpensive technologies of communication, travel, audio and video recording, and the circulation of money have intensified and eased migrants’ and home residents’ simultaneous involvements in one another’s lives.
- Topic 4. The Politics of Travel and Tourism in an Age of Globalization: Training Room 4
- Consultant: Linda K. Richter, Kansas State University
- Chairperson: Tulasi Joshi (Fairmont State University)
Session I: Global Tourism: The Potential and Pitfalls of the World's Largest Industry
No longer seen as an unambiguous asset to the world’s economies, this session will examine (1) How is tourism used politically? (2) How can tourism support or threaten heritage preservation? (3) What is tourism’s role in promoting cultural interchange and employment? and (4) What makes tourism such a fragile industry
- 5:30 pm - 6:30 pm
- Social Hour (cash bar): University Hall
- 6:30 pm
- Banquet - University Hall
- Evening Entertainment: Tom Collins, Director Emeritus, Project LINKS: Perception/Misperception: Key to Global Understanding
- 7:00 am
- Institutional Representatives Breakfast: Ward Christopher Room
- 7:30 am
- General Breakfast: University Hall
- 8:30-10:00 am
- SECOND SET OF CONCURRENT SESSIONS
- Participants will stay in same track as Thursday afternoon (3:15-4:45 pm)
- Topic 1. Disposable People: The Challenge of Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking: Seminar Rooms 1-2
- Consultant: Kevin Bales, Free the Slaves, University of Hull (UK)
- Chairperson: James Friedberg (West Virginia University)
Session II: Slavery and Human Trafficking Today
Slavery has always been about the complete control of one person by another based on violence. For all of human history slaves were expensive, capital purchase items. In spite of whether it was justified by race, religion, ethnicity, economics, or politics, slavery was much the same whatever the location or century. But in the late 20th century a major change in the economic equation of slavery occurred and slaves became cheaper than they had ever been in human history. With 27 million people in slavery around the world, how do they fit into the global economy? How many slaves are right here in the USA? What caused this explosion in the number of slaves?
- Topic 2. Open Borders: The history of an American Tradition: Seminar Rooms 3-4
- Consultant: Cindy Hahamovitch, The College of William and Mary
- Chairperson: Michael Gherke (Glenville State College)
Session II: Red Rover, Red Rover let Juan Come Over: The Strange History of the US-Mexican Border
For much of the twentieth century, the US border has been open to Mexican migrants. US policy encouraged Mexican migration to the US for work in agriculture, mines, and on railroads. Even after the Quota Acts of the 1920s drastically restricted migration to the US, the border remained open to Mexicans. In the early 20th century, the US-Canadian border was the main cause for concern, and the Border Patrol sought to block swarthy and dangerous Europeans. In the 1940s, the US created a massive guestworker program that channeled 4.5 million Mexican migrants into the United States over a twenty-year period. For many years, conservative lawmakers and Southwestern employers fought to keep the nation’s southern border open. Should the exceptional history of the US-Mexican border influence border policies today?
- Topic 3. Human Displacement and Cultural Survival: Does Migration Destroy Cultures?: Training Room 1
- Consultant: Karen E. Richman, University of Notre Dame
- Chairperson: Hannah Geffert (Shepherd University)
Session II: Haitian and Mexican Transnational Networks, Culture and Politics
Migrants' wage remittances account for the largest sources of foreign aid to home economies. But migrants are demonstrating that they no longer expect to be passive suppliers of wage remittances in their long-distance home without a greater voice in its economic and political directions. Transnational Haitian and Mexican migrants are not exception. By acting as transborder citizens, migrants are forcing a re-imagination of political boundaries. The Haitian and Mexican states are responding flexibly to the transnationalization of everyday life by attempting to redefine themselves as borderless, democratic entities.
- Topic 4. The Politics of Travel and Tourism in an Age of Globalization: Training Room 4
- Consultant: Linda K. Richter, Kansas State University
- Chairperson: Tulasi Joshi (Fairmont State University)
Session II: Understanding the Dangers Posed by Global Tourism
In today’s world, a lethal virus can travel anywhere in the world in thirty-six hours given a willing or unsuspecting human host. A de-regulated globe has made the rise of infectious diseases increasingly probable. Historically, travelers have made host communities vulnerable. Today, the situation is complicated by the fact that health problems can affect not only the destination but the tourists and their home communities. Accidents in unfamiliar settings are also quite common. Sex tourism, pedophilia tours, dangers to unaccompanied minors, and non-custodial parent kidnappings across international borders are just a few of the issues crying out for international governance. What policies are needed and what factors impede their implementation?
- 10:00-10:30 am
- COFFEE BREAK
- 10:30 am-12:00 pm
- THIRD SET OF CONCURRENT SESSIONS
- Participants will stay in same track as Thursday afternoon and Friday morning
- Topic 1. Disposable People: The Challenge of Modern Slavery and Human Trafficking: Seminar Room 1-2
- Consultant: Kevin Bales, Free the Slaves, University of Hull (UK)
- Chairperson: James Friedberg (West Virginia University)
Session III: Ending Slavery
While the 27 million slaves alive today is double the number taken from Africa in the entire 350 years of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, it is also the smallest percentage of the global population to ever be in slavery. Likewise, the $32 billion in output these slaves generate each year is the smallest fraction of the global economy to ever be accounted for by slave labor. We live at an historical moment when the end of slavery is possible, but how can we achieve it? In fact, there is no "silver bullet" - but there is a whole box of bullets appropriate to different kinds of slavery and different actors, like the UN, the government, big development agencies, local churches and communities, teachers and individuals. Is it really possible to end slavery in a generation?
- Topic 2. Open borders: The History of an American Tradition: Seminar Rooms 3-4
- Consultant: Cindy Hahamovitch, The College of William and Mary.
- Chairperson: Michael Gherke (Glenville State College)
Session III: Guestworkers of the World Unite! You have Nothing to Lose but Your Passport
In the sixty years since World War II, nations have sought to control and constrain human migration across their borders, yet people migrate more than ever. State-run or sanctioned guestworker programs offer foreign but deportable workers. Thirty million guestworkers moved from Europe’s periphery to its center after World II. Half a million Mexicans and West Indians labored on contracts in the US. After the oil shocks of the 1970s, guestworker programs shifted to the oil producing countries of the Middle East and the Pacific Rim Tigers. An international “maid trade” in women was born. Are guestworker programs the solution to the “problem” of unauthorized migration or a modern form of indentured servitude, if not slavery?
- Topic 3. Human Displacement and Cultural Survival: Does Migration Destroy Cultures?: Training Room 1
- Consultant: Karen E. Richman, University of Notre Dame
- Chairperson: Hannah Geffert (Shepherd University)
Session III: Transnational Religion and Ritual in a Haitian Community
Religious institutions further link migrants to the home and also help them adapt to a new and often hostile host environments. Churches in the host society are multi-purpose religious and immigrant social service centers. Holidays and saints’ festivals are important magnets for migrants’ largess and return visits. Rather than losing their peasant-based religion, Haitians have adapted it to the globalization of their people and economy. Our discussion will focus on how Haitians' belief in spiritual affliction and the quest for therapy help keep Haitian migrants tethered to their home communities. As a result of creative uses of recording technology, religious rituals now unfold across a vast transnational performance space, allowing migrants to participate from afar.
- Topic 4. The Politics of Travel and Tourism in an Age of Globalization: Training Room 4
- Consultant: Linda K. Richter, Kansas State University
- Chairperson: Tulasi Joshi (Fairmont State University)
Session III: Beyond the Travel Channel: Developing New Forms of Travel and Tourism
For the first time in history, being a tourist has become a possibility for a majority of the world’s people. Control of the industry has become more fragmented and democratized by the Internet. Tourism has come to all continents and all oceans and is poised to go beyond Earth. What issues does this raise for the sustainability of our planet? What kinds of tourism and national policies are needed to make tourism a positive force? How do we teach students to travel sensitively, safely, and sustainably?
- Noon:
- WORKSHOPS ADJOURN
WORKSHOP LEADERS
KEVIN BALES, Free the Slaves, University of Hull (UK)
Kevin Bales is President of Free the Slaves (www.freetheslaves.net), the US sister organization of Anti-Slavery International, and Emeritus Professor at Roehampton University London. His book, Disposable People: New Slavery in the Global Economy, was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize, and published in ten languages. Desmond Tutu called it “a well-researched, scholarly and deeply disturbing expose of modern slavery.” In 2006, his work was named one of the top “100 World-Changing Discoveries” by the association of British universities. He won the Premio Viareggio for services to humanity in 2000. The film, based on a book which he co-wrote, won a Peabody Award and two Emmy Awards. He was awarded the Laura Smith Davenport Human Rights Award in 2005; the Judith Sargent Murray Award for Human Rights in 2004; and the Human Rights Award of the University of Alberta in 2003. He was a also consultant to the UN Global Program on Human Trafficking. Bales has advised the US, British, Irish, Norwegian, and Nepali governments, as well as the ECOWAS Community, on slavery and human trafficking policy. In 2005 he published Understanding Global Slavery. His book Ending Slavery: How We Will Free Today’s Slaves, a roadmap for the global eradication of slavery, was published in 2007. He is currently editing a collection of modern slave narratives and co-writing a book with Ron Soodalter on slavery in the United States today. He earned his Ph.D. at the London School of Economics.
TOM COLLINS, Director Emeritus, Project LINKS
Tom Collins has a wealth of practical experience in teaching. With degrees from Macalester College and the University of Minnesota, he spent ten years as a classroom teacher and social studies department head before becoming a consultant and field-test teacher for such organizations as the Foreign Policy Association and the American Forum for Global Education. While in Washington, DC, he worked as consultant, curriculum developer, and evaluator for other major educational organizations as well as the US Department of Education. From 1985-2003, he directed Project LINKS (Linking International Knowledge with Schools), part of the Elliot School of International Affairs of the George Washington University. In all, he has made presentations on various aspects of global education in 48 states to over 50,000 individuals.
CINDY HAHAMOVITCH, The College of William and Mary
Cindy Hahamovitch is a leading authority on US farmworkers and guestworkers. Her book, The Fruits of Their Labor: Atlantic Coast Farmworkers and the Making of Migrant Poverty, 1870-1945, published by the University of North Carolina Press in 1997, is used in classrooms around the country. Her recent work on guestworkers around the world and in the US has made her the go-to-person on guestworkers for the New York Times, The Christian Science Monitor, National Public Radio, and other news outlets. She has served as an expert witness in several civil trials and is currently finishing, The Deportable Immigrant: Guestworkers in America to be published by Princeton University Press. She has been a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellow, a Yale University Agrarian Studies Fellow and a Fulbright Fellow at the University College Cork in Ireland. She received her Ph.D. from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1992, after which she taught in Toronto, Canada at York University. Since joining the faculty at William & Mary in 1993, she has served as Director of Graduate Studies and teaches courses on US labor and migration history. Recently, she founded the Southern Labor Studies Association. She is currently a reviews editor of Labor: Studies in Working-Class History of the Americas.
KAREN E. RICHMAN, University of Notre Dame
Karen Richman received her Ph.D. from the University of Virginia and is currently the Director of Migration and Border Studies at the Institute for Latino Studies at the Kellogg Institute for International Studies at the University of Notre Dame. Richman is a cultural anthropologist who studies religion, migration, transnationalism, performance, gender, production and consumption. Her forthcoming book, The Migrant's Song (New Diasporas Series of the University Press of Florida), explores migration, religious experience and ritual transformation in a far-flung Haitian community. In addition to her ethnographic research with Haitians in Haiti and in the US, and Mexican immigrants in the US, she has conducted fieldwork on American consumer culture. She has also worked as an advocate for immigrants and migrant farm workers in the United States. She has published in numerous journals, including Anthropology and Humanism, American Ethnologist, Journal of Haitian Studies, Cimarron, Folklore Forum, and New West Indies Guide. Her geographic focus is Mexico, the Caribbean (Haiti) and the United States.
LINDA K. RICHTER, Kansas State University
Linda Richter received her Ph.D. from the University of Kansas in 1980. Now Professor Emerita, Richter retired this past year from the political science department as well as the women's studies program. While at Kansas State, she directed the undergraduate internship program and taught public policy, public personnel and gender and politics. She is the author of Land Reform and Tourism Development: Policy-Making in the Philippines, researched while on a Fulbright scholarship. The Politics of Tourism in Asia was written while on an Alumni in Residence Fellowship at the East-West Center in Hawaii. She also co-authored the book, Tourism Environment. Richter has written more than 100 articles, book chapters, and monographs. Her research has appeared in numerous books as well as such American journals as The Public Administration Review, Public Personnel Management, The Journal of Developing Areas, Annals of Tourism Research, Journal of Travel and Tourism, Filipinas, Crossroads and journals in the UK, Singapore, Italy, the Philippines, Australia, Thailand, India and Pakistan. She is currently doing several research projects dealing with terrorism, trafficking, security and health issues and tourism. She has also lectured in 18 countries and is an adjunct professor in the University of the Ballearic Islands Ph.D. tourism program and has been a Visiting Professor at the University of the Philippines, as well as a lecturer for the United States Information Agency.
KEITH SPEARS, Director of Special Programs, West Virginia Department of Education and the Arts
Keith Spears came to Education and the Arts from Marshall University. Among his many other duties at the Department of Education and the Arts, he chairs the Governor’s Commission on International Education. Spears began his career, however, as a biology teacher in his home county of Wayne. This West Virginia native constructed and operated one of the state’s first public radio stations, WFGH-FM, which is still ‘on the air’ today. He served as instructional television coordinator for Wayne County Schools, producing educational programs, and later, was producer and talent for sporting and public affairs features on public television. His twenty-eight years of service at Marshall University encompassed positions from broadcast professor to Vice President for Communications. Dr. Spears initiated the award-winning “We Are…Marshall” branding and culminated his Marshall career in the production of the Warner Bros. motion picture We Are Marshall.
FACDIS ORGANIZATION
FACDIS Director:
Jack L. Hammersmith, Dept of History, WVU; (304)293-2421 x 5235; email: jhammer@wvu.edu
FACDIS Assistant Director:
Gretchen Peterec, Dept. of Political Science, WVU; (304)293-7140; email: gretchen.peterec@mail.wvu.edu
Administrative Secretary:
Sharon Nestor, Dept. of Political Science, WVU; snestor@wvu.edu
FACDIS Founding Director (1980-1997):
Sophia Peterson, Professor Emerita, Dept. of Political Science, WVU; (304) 293-7140
Institutional Representatives, Study Abroad Advisers, and Steering Committee (2008)
INSTITUTION |
INSTITUTIONAL |
STUDY ABROAD |
Alderson-Broaddus College |
John Hicks |
Jim Daddysman |
Bethany College |
Marc Sable |
Marc Sable |
Bluefield St. College |
Michael Lilly |
John White |
Concord University* |
Carmen Durrani |
Carmen Durrani |
Davis & Elkins College |
David Turner |
Barbara Fulks |
Fairmont St. University* |
Patricia Ryan |
Patricia Ryan |
Glenville St. College |
R. Michael Smith |
C. E. Wood |
Marshall University |
David Mills |
Maria C. Riddle |
Potomac St. College |
Fred Jacoby |
Fred jacoby |
Salem International University |
Larry Zbach |
Larry Zbach |
Shepherd University |
Roland Bergman |
Linda Kinney |
University of Charleston |
Sarah Adams |
Sarah Adams |
West Liberty St. College |
Brian Crawford |
Michael Strada |
WVU Institute of Technology* |
Jan Rezek |
Jan Rezek |
WV Northern Comm. College** |
Frank DeCaria |
Denny Roth |
WV State University** |
James Natsis |
James Natsis |
West Va. University |
Michael Lastinger |
Tara George-Jones |
WVU-Parkersburg |
Rebecca Phillips |
Gregory and Mary Beth Busch |
West Va. Wesleyan College** |
Kwame Boateng |
Kwame Boateng |
Wheeling Jesuit University |
John Poffenbarger |
Dominick DeFelippis |
* Institution whose Institutional Representative serves on the Steering Committee until November 30, 2008
** Institutions whose IR serves on the Steering Committee until November 30, 2009